HISTORY AS TRANSDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE — CLIOSCIENCE AND CLIOMATHEMATICS. On page 95 of Then and Now I have a photo of Valentin Turchin and some words about him. He was a physicist-mathematician and a friend of Andrei Sakharov. When Turchin moved to the US in 1977, his son Peter was about 20 years old. Peter Turchin is now a professor of ecology, evolutionary biology and mathematics at the University of Connecticut. He is as bold and creative as his father. He is promoting cliodynamics and cliometrics — the mathematical modeling of historical dynamics. Clio is the ancient Greek muse of history. Look at Turchin’s cliodynamics site. Naturally, such studies risk being infiltrated and co-opted by opportunists of every kind, but the studies are essential.